人口作为区域发展的内在因素,交通可达性提高将有利于促进人口或劳动力要素的自由流动和优化配置。在考虑土地利用及地形因素的基础上,采用包含乡村道的交通网络数据集,应用改进的成本距离计算方法,分析河南省乡镇可达性及其分布特征;通过乡镇可达性与人口密度的空间叠加,揭示人口分布与可达性的空间耦合特征。结果表明:(1)各乡镇可达性总体呈现明显的圈层分布,可达性值由内向外逐渐降低;时段越短,内部差异越大,交通指向越明显。(2)乡镇可达性与人口密度在各时间圈呈现正相关关系,可达性与人口分布集聚产生作用的最大时间距离为1.5h。(3)人口与交通可达性的空间耦合呈现较明显的半环状分布,社会经济指向性明显。(4)交通可达性对人口变化的影响具有时间阶段性和区域差异性。 Population, as an inherent factor in regional development, and the improvement of transport accessibility will be conducive to the free flow and optimal allocation of population and labor factors. Based on the land use and topographical factors, this paper uses the dataset of transportation network which contains the rural roads to analyze the accessibility and distribution characteristics of townships and towns in Henan Province by using the improved method of cost distance calculation. By using the data of township accessibility and population density Spatial overlay reveals the spatial coupling characteristics of population distribution and accessibility. The results show that: (1) The reachability of townships shows obvious spheric distribution in general, and the reachability values ​​decrease gradually from the inside to the outside; the shorter the period, the greater the internal differences and the more obvious the traffic directions. (2) There is a positive correlation between township reachability and population density at each time horizon, and the maximum time distance between reachability and population distribution gathering is 1.5h. (3) The spatial coupling of population and transport accessibility presents a more obvious semi-annular distribution with obvious social and economic directionality. (4) The impact of traffic accessibility on population change has time-stage and regional differences.