本文着重简述运用短期筛选法,以预測长期健康危害、包括致突变、致癌和致畸,以及监測遭危害的工人,以达到预防目的,而不是强调职业性癌症和化学物危害问题。一、致癌、致突变和致畸作用的分子机理某些致癌物和诱变剂,未经代谢途径的激活,与细胞的核酸和其他大分子能直接反应。但大多数化学致癌物和诱变剂需经生物激活才起作用。外源性化合物的生物转化过程一般为两个步骤:首先, This article focuses on the use of short-term screening to highlight long-term health hazards, including mutagenicity, carcinogenesis and teratogenicity, and monitoring of endangered workers for preventive purposes rather than emphasizing the issue of occupational cancer and chemical hazards. First, the carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects of molecular mechanisms Certain carcinogens and mutagens, without the activation of metabolic pathways, and cell nucleic acids and other macromolecules can react directly. But most chemical carcinogens and mutagens need to be activated by the biological role. Biotransformation of exogenous compounds generally takes two steps: First,