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目的:开展中德儿童基本数学能力跨文化比较,探讨我国数学基础教育的不足,为改善教育质量提供决策依据。方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样,抽取普通小学1年级末至4年级末的学生为研究样本。中国在大陆31个省、自治区、直辖市取样,共抽取样本7827例,其中男生3985人,女生3842人。德国样本3354人,来自不同的州,其中男生1731人,女生1623人。结果:在数学运算领域的分测试,即加法、减法、乘法、除法、比较大小5个分测试,中国儿童的得分显著高于德国儿童(P<0.01);但在逻辑思维与空间-视觉功能领域的分测试,如续写数字、目测长度、方块计数、数字连接等分测试中,中国儿童无明显优势,有些分测试甚至低于德国儿童。结论:我国的数学基础教育应加强逻辑思维、空间概念等思维的培养。
OBJECTIVE: To carry out cross-cultural comparisons of children’s basic mathematical abilities in China and Germany, discuss the shortcomings of China’s basic mathematics education and provide the basis for decision-making in order to improve the quality of education. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to select the students from the end of Grade 1 to the end of Grade 4 in primary school. China took samples from 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government. A total of 7,827 samples were taken, including 3,985 boys and 3,842 girls. There were 3354 German samples from different states, including 1,731 boys and 1,623 girls. Results: In the sub-tests of math operation, that is, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and comparison, the score of Chinese children was significantly higher than that of German children (P <0.01); but in logical thinking and spatial-visual function In the field of sub-tests, such as continued writing figures, visual length, square counting, digital connection, etc., there is no obvious advantage for Chinese children and some sub-tests are even lower than German children. Conclusion: Basic mathematics education in our country should strengthen the cultivation of thinking such as logical thinking and spatial concept.