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由于实务中各种原因,无正本提单放货是当前的一种普遍现象。某种程度上,在以正本提单之外的单据加提货保函不具单提货己是航运实务中一种无可奈何的必需。提货保函自出现和应用以来,成为海运理论和实务中广为关注的焦点。保函的出现给国际贸易带来极大的便捷和经济价值,但同时保函对传统的国际贸易秩序产生强烈的冲击,并且保函的使用为提单欺诈提供了可乘之机。实务界对保函褒贬不一,但由于各国成文法对运保函尚无明确规定,导致司法界、学术界对保函效力的问题一直存在争议。有鉴于此,本文对此类保函的效力及使用该保函应注意的问题作一讨论。
Due to various reasons in practice, no original B / L delivery is a common phenomenon. To some extent, it is a helpless necessity in the shipping practice to add bills of lading in addition to the original bills of lading. Since the emergence and application of delivery guarantee, shipping guarantee has become the focus of widespread concern in maritime theory and practice. The promissory note has brought great convenience and economic value to international trade, meanwhile, the guarantee has a strong impact on the traditional international trade order, and the use of the guarantee provides an opportunity for the bill of lading fraud. Practices criticize the bonds, but due to the fact that there is no explicit stipulation for the guarantee letters of the statutory laws of various countries, there has been controversy over the validity of the bonds in the judiciary and academia. In view of this, this article discusses the validity of such bonds and the issues that should be paid attention to when using the bonds.