语用学提供了一个独特的角度来研究语言使用情况。根据奥斯汀的言语行为理论,说话者说话时可能同时实施三种行为:言内行为,言外行为和言后行为。根据格莱斯会话含义理论,会话中存在合作原则,包括量的准则、质的准则、关联准则、方式准则。合作原则及其准则不一定随时都被遵守。出于预期的目的,人们违反准则说谎,从而产生会话含义。以花言巧语和流言蜚语为例。恋爱中的人许下永恒的爱情誓言,有利于促进彼此感情。面试者在工作面试中,凸显优点并且巧妙规避缺点,有助于得到理想的工作。第一眼见到别人小孩,没有充分理由的恭维适得其反。员工缺乏事实依据,谣传老板有婚外恋倾向,造成误会困扰。故意造谣同事偷盗,造成人格尊严的伤害。甜蜜欺骗的话语或巧妙圆融的话语,可能因为动听而被接受,有利于促进人际关系,达到特定目的;也可能因为虚伪而被识破,从而破坏人际关系。流言蜚语如同暗箭伤人。基于奥斯汀和格莱斯的理论,以上实例分析表明,语言具有成就人和伤害人的强大力量。 Pragmatics provides a unique perspective on language usage. According to Austen’s theory of speech act, the speaker may implement three kinds of acts simultaneously: speech act, speech act and speech act. According to Grice’s theory of conversational implicature, there are principles of cooperation in conversation, including quantity criterion, quality criterion, association criterion and mode criterion. The principle of cooperation and its norms are not always observed. For the intended purpose, people lie against the guidelines, creating conversational implications. Take rhetoric and gossip as an example. In love people promise the eternal love vows, help to promote mutual feelings. Interview candidates in the job interview, highlighting the advantages and skillfully to avoid shortcomings, help to get the desired job. At first glance to see others children, there is no good reason to flat out the opposite. Lack of factual basis for staff, rumor boss has the tendency of extramarital affairs, resulting in misunderstanding distress. Intentional rumorous colleague theft, resulting in the injury of human dignity. Sweet deceptive words or clever words of harmony may be pleasantly accepted, conducive to promoting interpersonal relationships, to achieve a specific purpose, may also be broken because of hypocrisy, thus undermining relationships. Gossip as implicated. Based on Austin and Grice’s theory, the above example analysis shows that language has the power of being accomplished and hurting people.