清水江文书是研究苗族、侗族等少数民族村寨生活状态的重要民间资料,以清代居多。这些契约中绝大部分是关于林权方面的,茶山契约当属其中重要的一部分,一份茶山契约即一项技术性规范。文章通过解读契约完整的构成要素、茶山交易方式以及中人问题等内容来探索其所表现出的契约精神和私法秩序。 Qingshui River Documents is an important folk material for studying the living conditions of ethnic minority villages such as the Miao and Dong ethnic groups, mostly in the Qing Dynasty. Most of these contracts are about forest tenure, and the Dasan contract is an important part of it. A Dachaoshan contract is a technical standard. The article explores the contracted spirits and private law order it shows through the comprehension of the integral elements of the contract, the trading methods of Dasan and the problem of middleman.