明代市民阶层逐渐兴起,为迎合这一社会阶层的审美需求,文化出现了世俗化倾向。以此为背景,文章通过对明末肖像画家曾鲸生活时代及背景的分析,指出以利玛窦为代表的传教士带来的西方宗教绘画对传统写真绘画图式风格变化的影响,并探讨了以曾鲸为首的“波臣派”写真画图式风格形成的原因,指出西方宗教绘画的传入对中国传统人物绘画风格演变趋势的影响。 In the Ming dynasty, the citizen class gradually emerged. To cater to the aesthetic needs of this social class, the secularization tended to appear in the culture. On the basis of this analysis, through the analysis of the era and background of the portrayal of the whale in the late Ming Dynasty, the author points out the influence of the Western religious paintings brought by the missionaries represented by Ricci on the change of the style of the traditional pictorial painting. The reason for the formation of the pictorial style of the “Bauchen School” headed by the whale was pointed out, and the influence of western religious painting on the evolving trend of the traditional Chinese painting style was pointed out.