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用C10～C16脂肪醇与2-氯-2-氧-1,3,2-二氧磷杂环戊烷低温反应生成环状磷酸酯的中间产物,再用N,N-二甲基十二胺在亲核溶剂中65℃下开环反应合成了4种含N+和磷酸根阴离子的两性孪联表面活性剂C10-C12、C12-C12、C14-C12和C16-C12,其质量收率分别为32%、54%、18%和28%。产物的结构通过1HNMR和元素组成分析,表明两性离子表面活性剂C、H、O、N的分析值与理论计算值偏差不超过0.3%。四种表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)在0.0072~0.0125mmol/L之间,临界胶束浓度时表面张力(γcmc)依次为23.90、25.61、27.68和36.08mN/m。其中,C10-C12、C12-C12和C14-C12有较好的界面活性,加入盐可以使表面活性剂与烷烃间的界面张力下降,但下降程度有限,不能达到超低界面张力(10-3mN/m)。
Low temperature reaction of C10-C16 fatty alcohol with 2-chloro-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane to form the intermediate of cyclic phosphate ester followed by N, N-dimethyldodecane The amphoteric twinning agents C10-C12, C12-C12, C14-C12 and C16-C12 with N + and phosphate anions were synthesized by ring-opening reaction of amines in nucleophilic solvents at 65 ℃, respectively. The mass yields 32%, 54%, 18% and 28%. The structure of the product was analyzed by 1HNMR and elemental analysis, which showed that the analytical value of zwitterionic surfactants C, H, O, N did not deviate from the theoretical value by more than 0.3%. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the four surfactants ranged from 0.0072 to 0.0125 mmol / L, and the critical surface tension (γcmc) was 23.90, 25.61, 27.68 and 36.08 mN / m, respectively. Among them, C10-C12, C12-C12 and C14-C12 have better interfacial activity. Adding salt can reduce the interfacial tension between surfactant and alkane, but the degree of decrease is limited, and it can not reach ultra-low interfacial tension (10-3mN / m).