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海上运输作为促进贸易的一个手段,在国际贸易交往中起着举足轻重的作用。其根本目的在于实现货物的转移。因而,承运人将货物完整地交到收货人手里,必然是运输的题中之义。无疑,交货行为是承运人必须履行的一项义务。但是,与之相对应的收货人的收货行为,却并非一项义务,而被冠以了“提货权”的名号。收货人支付运费和其他费用,应以收货人向承运人主张提货权为前提。反之,如果收货人不向承运人主张提货权,则不具有支付运费和其他费用的义务。①因此,如果收货人不去提货,就会使承运人获得运费或者其他费用补偿的机会落空。在这种情况下,承运人的利益如何维护就成了一个需要特别关注的问题。
As a means of promoting trade, maritime transport plays an important role in the international trade exchanges. Its fundamental purpose is to achieve the transfer of goods. Therefore, the carrier will be the full delivery of the goods to the consignee, must be the meaning of transport problems. Undoubtedly, the delivery behavior is an obligation that the carrier must fulfill. However, the consignee’s receiving behavior corresponding to it is not an obligation, but has been given the title of “delivery right”. Consignee to pay shipping costs and other costs, the consignee should be the carrier to claim the right to pick the premise. Conversely, if the consignee does not claim the carrier to the carrier, it does not have the obligation to pay shipping costs and other expenses. Therefore, if the consignee does not pick up the goods, the carrier’s chances of getting freight or other expenses will be lost. Under such circumstances, how to safeguard the interests of the carrier has become a problem that needs special attention.