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本文对油灰腐蚀作了评述,并对当前如何避免过多的炉管损耗的设计经验作了介绍。影响油灰腐蚀的因素包括燃油性质、锅炉操作情况及锅炉设计现状,而且这些因素又相互依赖并决定锅炉的腐蚀行为。钒是燃油中与油灰腐蚀有关的主要物质,在燃烧过程中,钒与钠、硫和氯反应生成低熔点的油灰,加速炉管腐蚀。限制炉管金属的温度可以抑制油灰的熔融,从而防止油灰沉积,由此亦可避免油灰腐蚀的发生。保持低的过剩空气也可避免油灰腐蚀,这是由于改变了腐蚀性燃烧产物。高铬合金及涂层在炉管表面形成更稳定的保护层,均可降低油灰腐蚀速度。
This paper reviews the putty corrosion and introduces the design experience of how to avoid excessive tube loss. Factors that affect putty corrosion include fuel properties, boiler operation and boiler design status, and these factors are interdependent and determine the boiler’s corrosion behavior. Vanadium is the main fuel oil-based corrosion and related substances, in the combustion process, vanadium and sodium, sulfur and chlorine react to generate low-melting putty, to accelerate corrosion of the furnace. Limiting the temperature of the tube metal suppresses the melting of the putty, thereby preventing putty deposition, thereby also avoiding the occurrence of putty corrosion. Maintaining low excess air also avoids putty corrosion due to altered corrosive combustion products. High chromium alloy and coating form a more stable protective layer on the surface of the furnace tube, can reduce the oily corrosion rate.