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在高空和导弹方面采用的压缩气体与低温液体,其最重要的因数是含水量必须低达几个ppm的数量级。这是因为在操纵系统与生命保障系统中,如果有小量的压力存在,就会有使水分结成冰晶的危险;而且坐舱环境中含镁、氧与水分的话,也会造成腐蚀。已有许多测量含水量的商品仪器可以买到,并已用于许多实验室设备中。这些仪器对含水量的微小变化非常敏感,于是,当气体采样与仪器受压时,就会在测量水份中造成反常的行为。实验结果表明,当测定氢与氧中的含水量时,必须按照新的办法行事;因为这些气体的真空含水量大约只有仪表指示数量的一半左右。商品测水仪器,由于其灵敏度高,而不能直接读出。因此,就研究了一种标准化的办法。根据Walker与Campion的方程,仪器表头的读数是本底电流,电解电流与再化合电流三者之和;本文指出:1)方程可由氮的测定中证实;2)再化合效应正比于流率的大小,且不能由“△流方法”所消除;3)在测氧中的水分时,读数约为真实数值的2.25倍;4)本底电流是被分析气体含水量的函数。
The most important factor for the use of compressed and cryogenic liquids at height and in missiles is that the moisture content must be as low as a few ppm. This is because in the operating system and life support system there is a risk of water becoming ice crystals if a small amount of pressure is present and corrosion of the cabin environment with magnesium, oxygen and moisture is also caused. There are many commercially available instruments that measure water content and are used in many laboratory equipment. These instruments are very sensitive to small changes in water content, thus causing abnormal behavior in the measurement of water when the gas is sampled and the instrument is pressurized. Experimental results show that new measures must be taken when determining the water content in hydrogen and oxygen because the vacuum water content of these gases is only about one half of the instructed quantity. Commodity water measuring instruments, due to its high sensitivity, and can not be read directly. Therefore, we have studied a standardized way. According to Walker and Campion’s equation, the meter reading is the sum of the background current, electrolytic current and recombination current; this paper states: 1) The equation can be confirmed by the determination of nitrogen; 2) the recombination effect is proportional to the flow rate , And can not be eliminated by the “delta flow method”; 3) the reading is about 2.25 times the true value when measuring moisture in the oxygen; and 4) the background current is a function of the moisture content of the gas being analyzed.