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巨灾风险,一般包括地震、洪水和飓风等重大自然灾害,因其存在逆向选择、风险过于集中、预期损失难以估测等特点,在保险理论上往往被视为不可保风险,因而出现市场失灵。美国联邦和各州政府通过实施类别齐全的巨灾政府保险项目,一定程度上解决了私营保险市场上巨灾保险可供性和可负担性的问题。借鉴美国的经验,我国应建立承保风险一体化的、风险融资渠道多层次的、由私营保险公司主办的、由政府大力支持的、可持续发展的巨灾保险体系。
Catastrophe risk generally includes major natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and hurricanes. Because of its adverse selection, over-concentration of risks and unpredictable expected losses, it is often regarded as insuperable in insurance theory, resulting in market failure . The United States federal and state governments have, to a certain extent, solved the problem of affordability and affordability of catastrophe insurance in the private insurance market through the implementation of catastrophic government insurance programs of a complete category. Drawing on the experience of the United States, China should establish a sustainable catastrophe insurance system that is underwritten by insurance companies and supported by the government.