新世纪以来,中国的工业实现了行业内和行业间的产业升级。大部分企业的生产率明显提高,出口的产品专业化、差异化更加明显。这一经济现象可以有多种解释,但比较优势和规模经济递增无疑是最主要的两股动力。要保证中国在新世纪的第二个十年内继续实现产业升级,提升企业生产率,需要转换改革开放的思路,由“对内改革,对外开放”转为“对外改革,对内开放”。对外改革主要出口目的国家,加强主要的自贸区建设;对内则开放国内各要素市场和产品市场,深化经济改革,实现产业提升。 Since the new century, China’s industry has achieved industrial upgrading within and among industries. The productivity of most enterprises has been markedly improved, and the products being exported have become more specialized and differentiated. There are many explanations for this economic phenomenon, but the comparative advantage and the increasing scale economy are undoubtedly the two most important motives. In order to ensure that China continues to upgrade its industries and enhance its productivity in the second decade of the new century, it needs to change its thinking on reform and opening up. The principle of “internal reform, opening up” to “external reform, opening up to the outside world ”. Mainly targeted for export to foreign countries, the two countries will step up their efforts to build a major free trade zone. Internally, they will liberalize domestic factor markets and product markets, deepen economic reforms and upgrade industries.