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通过田间动态监测,在东北中部黑土区比较了不同培肥措施下0~60 cm土壤三相比、容重、含水量及无机氮的变化。结果表明,黑土的土壤容重在深松后随着玉米生育进程逐渐向初始状态(1.36~1.54 g cm-3)恢复;与常规栽培(T1)相比,深松+深追肥(T3)和深松+深追肥+增施有机肥(T4)可有效降低玉米成熟期时的土壤容重,改善土壤结构,使20~40 cm层次的土壤三相比接近理想值,T4处理下在成熟期(R6)20~30 cm和30~40 cm土层土壤三相比分别为53.4∶25.2∶21.4和50.9∶25.1∶24.0;此外,T4处理下20~40 cm土壤容重至成熟期时仍保持在1.16~1.29 g cm-3。深松促进了硝态氮的下移,优化了土壤中氮的分配;在开花后,T4处理下20~40 cm土层中硝态氮含量占总含量的31.1%~37.5%,有效的满足了生育后期根系对养分的需求;T4处理下20~50 cm土壤含水量显著提高,较T1处理下平均提高18.0%。研究表明,深松+深追肥+增施有机肥可以改善土壤物理环境,尤其是在20~40 cm,并能显著提升土壤水养库容能力,从而促进养分吸收,提高玉米产量。
Through the dynamic field monitoring, the changes of soil three-phase, bulk density, water content and inorganic nitrogen under 0-60 cm soil layer were compared under different fertilization measures in the black soil area of central Northeast China. The results showed that soil bulk density of black soil gradually restored to initial state (1.36-1.54 g cm-3) with the progress of maize growth after subsoiling. Compared with conventional cultivation (T1), soil bulk density of black soil The pine + deep topdressing plus organic manure (T4) can effectively reduce the bulk density of maize at maturity and improve the soil structure, so that the soil three-phase ratio of 20-40 cm layer is close to the ideal value. Under T4 treatment, ) In the soil layers of 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm were 53.4:25.2:21.4 and 50.9:25.1:24.0, respectively. In addition, the soil bulk density of 20-40 cm under T4 treatment remained at 1.16 ~ 1.29 g cm-3. Nong Song promoted the downfall of nitrate nitrogen and optimized the distribution of nitrogen in soil. After flowering, the content of nitrate nitrogen in 20 ~ 40 cm soil layer accounted for 31.1% ~ 37.5% of the total content in T4 soil, which was effectively satisfied At the later growth stage, the nutrient requirement of root system was increased. The soil water content of 20-50 cm under T4 treatment increased significantly, which was 18.0% higher than that of T1 treatment. The results showed that subsoiling + topdressing plus organic manure could improve the soil physical environment, especially at 20-40 cm, and significantly enhance the capacity of soil water storage and storage to promote nutrient absorption and increase corn yield.