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目的收集2002—2016年国内文献报道的学校食物中毒暴发事件,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法利用中国知网(CNKI)、生物医药数据库、维普全文电子期刊数据、超星数据库等4个数据库,以“食物中毒”“食源性疾病”和“暴发”为主题词进行检索,分析国内报道的学校食物中毒暴发事件,进行描述流行病学分析。结果共收集到文献报道的学校食物中毒事件557起,累计发病33 467例,住院16 564例,无死亡病例。食物中毒多发生在4—6月、9—11月;华东地区报告食物中毒事件起数居首位(168起,占30.16%);事件引发环节以多环节最多,其次是加工不当、储存不当;原因食品主要为粮食类、蔬菜类和肉类,分别占事件总数的17.41%,10.77%,7.54%。致病因素以生物污染物为主,占事件总数的70.56%。结论学校食品安全问题不能忽视,学校应加强夏秋季生物性污染物的控制以减少食物中毒的发生。
Objective To collect the school food poisoning cases reported in domestic literature from 2002 to 2016 and provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control measures. Methods Using the four databases of CNKI, Biomedical Database, VIP electronic journal data, and Superstar database, with the keywords of “food poisoning”, “foodborne illness” and “outbreak” Conducted a search, analysis of domestic reported school food poisoning outbreaks, to describe the epidemiological analysis. Results A total of 557 school-based food poisoning cases were reported in the literature, with a total of 33 467 cases and 16 564 hospitalizations without any deaths. Food poisoning occurred mostly in April-June, September-November; East China reported the highest number of food poisoning incidents (168, accounting for 30.16%); the most were triggered by events, followed by improper processing and improper storage ; The reason Food mainly for food, vegetables and meat, respectively, the total number of events accounted for 17.41%, 10.77%, 7.54%. The main risk factors to biological contaminants, accounting for 70.56% of the total number of incidents. Conclusion School food safety problems can not be ignored, schools should strengthen the control of biological pollutants in summer and autumn to reduce the incidence of food poisoning.