马克思提出了以按劳分配作为社会主义个人消费品分配的基本原则。但是,马克思按劳分配设想的实现需要具备一定的条件,即确立的理论基础、经济基础和生产力前提。我们必须科学地理解马克思的按劳分配理论,既要看到马克思按劳分配的历史进步意义,又要看到马克思按劳分配的历史局限性。 Marx put forward the principle of distribution according to work as the distribution of socialist personal consumer goods. However, Marx’s realization of the concept of distribution according to work requires certain conditions, that is, the established theoretical foundation, economic foundation and productivity premise. We must understand Marx’s theory of the distribution according to work in a scientific way. We must not only see the historical significance of Marx’s distribution according to work, but also the historical limitations of Marx’s distribution according to work.