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【目的】探讨糖类抗原125(CA125),神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE),非小细胞肺癌相关抗原21-1(CYF21-1),癌胚抗原(CEA)四种肿瘤标志物在结核病患者的表达特征,分析其在临床鉴别诊断中的意义。【方法】收集本院临床确诊为结核疾病的患者145例,并收集60例肺肿瘤患者和60例健康对照人群,采用电化学免疫发光技术检测三组人群 CEA,NSE, CYF21-1 and CA125四种肿瘤标志物血清的含量；比较结核病患者与肺肿瘤患者和健康人群四种标志物的差异；比较肺结核、陈旧性肺结核和结核性胸膜炎三种类型结核患者四种标志物的差异；比较结核病患者血清样本与胸腹水样本四种标志物的差异。【结果】结核患者血清 NSE 和 CA125含量显著高于健康人群,且差异有显著性(P <0.05),其 CA125甚至显著高于肺肿瘤患者(P <0.05)；不同类型结核患者仅 CEA 存在差异(P <0.05)；其 CEA 和 NSE 在胸腹水样本含量显著高于血清样本(P <0.05),而 CYF21-1和 CA125在血清样本含量显著高于胸腹水样本(P <0.05)。【结论】CA125可作为结核疾病鉴别诊断的一项指标,采集血清样本检测其结果更加准确；NSE 也可作为结核疾病鉴别诊断的指标,但其最佳采集样本应选择胸腹水进行。“,”[Objective]To explore the significance and characteristics of four tumor markers like CEA,NSE,CYF211 and CA125 in clinical differentiation and diagnosis of patients with tuberculosis.[Methods]145 cases of patients with tuberculosis confirmed by clinic were collected,and 60 cases of patients with pulmonary tumor plus 60 cases of healthy control group were also collected.The ser-um content of the four tumor markers like CEA,NSE,CYF211 and CA125 of the three groups were detected by electrochemical fluo-rescence immunoassay;The situation of the four markers was compared within patients of tuberculosis,pulmonary tumor and the healthy control group respectively;The differences of the four markers were compared in patients with three kinds of tuberculosis like pulmonary tuberculosis,obsolete pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy;The differences of the four markers in the sample of serum and in the sample of pleuroperitoneal effusion of tuberculosis patients were also compared.[Results]Contents of NSE and CA125 in serum of tuberculosis patients were obviously higher than those of the healthy control,and the difference is significant(P <0.05);CA125 of tuberculosis patients was even higher than that of pulmonary tumor patients (P <0.05);There were no difference a-mong patients with different kinds of tuberculosis with the exception of CEA(P <0.05);Contents of CEA and NSE in serum sample were significantly higher than those in pleuroperitoneal effusion(P <0.05),while contents of CYE211and CA125 in serum sample were remarkably higher than those in pleuroperitoneal effusion sample(P <0.05).[Conclusions]CA125 can be considered as an indica-tor of differentiation and diagnosis of tuberculosis.The result can be more accurate through the collection and detection of serum sam-ple.The results would be more accurate if serum sample is collected and detected.Besides,NSE can also be chosen as an indicator of differentiation and diagnosis of tuberculosis diseases,whose optimal originality of sample collection shall come from pleuroperitoneal ef-fusion.