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在近代历史上，资本主义列强各国先后在中国建立起一批外国法庭，以行使它们非法攫取的领事裁判权。这些外国法庭在进行司法审判过程中，以各国法律为依据，不受中国法律约束；甚至超越条约对领事裁判权的规定，擅自扩大在华法权。这些外国法庭的设立，为列强肆意践踏中国法权提供了保障，严重地侵害了中国司法主权的独立。
In modern history, various countries of the capitalist powers established successively a number of foreign tribunals in China in order to exercise the consular jurisdiction illegally seized by them. In the course of conducting judicial proceedings, these foreign tribunals are based on the laws of various countries and are not subject to Chinese laws. They even go beyond the provisions of the treaties on consular jurisdiction and arbitrarily expand their legal rights in China. The establishment of these foreign tribunals guarantees the violent trampling of Chinese legal authority by the powers and severely violates the independence of China’s judicial sovereignty.