论文部分内容阅读
随着近代卷烟业的兴起,美种烟草被引进中国,中外烟草企业竞相以美种烟草为原料生产卷烟。为了减少生产成本,美种烟草被引进自然条件适宜的山东、河南等地栽培,种植面积逐年扩大,加之原有土种烟的种植,烟草的栽培呈现大面积单一种植的局面,从而引发了严重的生态失衡,病虫害猖獗。至20世纪40年代末,山东、河南等地的烟草病虫害,无论是发生频次还是虫害种类、程度均达到十分严重的程度,并且持续影响到50年代以后。为了适应卷烟工业的发展,烟草收获后的传统加工法晾晒法逐渐式微,使用煤炭做燃料的烤烟法从美国引进,并在山东、河南等地大量推广。烟农纷纷建设用于初烤的烤房,烟草公司则建设机械化的复烤房。大量利用煤炭的烤烟生产,加大了炭排放量,加之华北盛行西北风的自然条件,带来了严重的空气污染。
With the rise of the modern cigarette industry, the fine varieties of tobacco have been introduced into China. Chinese and foreign tobacco companies are vying to produce cigarettes from the American varieties of tobacco. In order to reduce the cost of production, the fine varieties of tobacco are introduced into Shandong and Henan with appropriate natural conditions for cultivation. The planting area has been expanded year by year. In addition, the cultivation of original soil seed tobacco and the cultivation of tobacco presents a large area of monoculture, which causes serious The ecological imbalance, pests and diseases rampant. By the late 1940s, tobacco pests and diseases in Shandong and Henan Provinces had reached a very serious degree both in frequency of occurrence and type of pests, and continued to affect the 1950s. In order to adapt to the development of the cigarette industry, the conventional method of drying the tobacco after harvesting has gradually declined. The flue-cured tobacco using coal as fuel has been introduced from the United States and has been widely promoted in Shandong and Henan. Tobacco farmers have built barbecues for initial roasting, while tobacco companies have built mechanized barns. Extensive use of coal production of flue-cured tobacco, increased carbon emissions, coupled with the prevalence of northwestern North China natural conditions, has brought serious air pollution.