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2009-2013年持续五年的西南大旱的原因备受关注。除官方认为的西南地理地形特殊、全球气候变化及水质污染、湿地退化、原始森林破坏等原因外,西南及东南亚雨林的大面积破坏萎缩、民族生存方式及文化传统的内地化、历史生态破坏后果持续性累积的长期效应影响、现当代政策及其经济利益驱动致使生物物种单一化、物种入侵等造成西南生态系统的变异和根本性破坏等因素,应当是导致、延长西南旱灾最致命、最根本的原因。西南旱灾的形成既与自然规律及自然界的异常变动相关,也与历史上的移民及随之而来的汉民族的生存、生活方式在民族地区的渗透扩张,以及明清王朝的经济、政治开发导致的生态破坏及其生态系统失衡引发的生态危机等密切相关,更是云南及东南亚地区热带雨林大面积毁灭引发的生态危机导致的结果,也是现当代西南乃至东南亚地区为了发展经济,赶走原始森林而种植橡胶、桉树及其他经济林木,导致区域植被种类单一、生态系统脆弱,也给入侵物种创造了机会,削弱了自然本身的协调抗灾能力。对旱灾区域进行分析不难发现,旱灾最严重的地区就是森林破坏及水土流失现象最严重的地区。因植被破坏、水土流失、土地石漠化加剧和水文地质环境的改变,才使当地涵养水源的生态能力减弱而演变为一场巨大的人为灾难。
The causes of the drought in Southwest China lasting for five years from 2009 to 2013 have drawn much attention. In addition to the official view of the special geographical topography of Southwest China, global climate change and water pollution, wetland degradation and virgin forest destruction, the widespread destruction of rainforests in Southwest China and Southeast Asia has been shrinking. The ethnic living patterns, the internalization of cultural traditions, the consequences of historical ecological damage The persistent long-term effects of accumulation, the current policies and economic interests led to the simplification of species diversity and the fundamental destruction caused by species imbalance in the southwest ecosystem driven by economic policies and other factors should lead to the extension of the most deadly drought in Southwest China, the most fundamental s reason. The formation of the southwest drought is not only related to the natural laws and the anomalous changes in nature, but also to the historical migration and ensuing Han nationality’s survival, the penetration and expansion of life style in ethnic areas, and the economic and political development of the Ming and Qing dynasties Ecological crisis caused by its ecological imbalance and ecological crisis caused by the imbalance is closely related to, but also in Yunnan and Southeast Asia caused by extensive destruction of tropical rain forest ecological crisis caused by the result, but also in contemporary Southwest China and Southeast Asia in order to develop the economy, drive away the original The planting of rubber, eucalyptus and other economic trees in forests leads to a single species in the region and fragile ecosystems, creating opportunities for invasive species and undermining natural coordination and resilience. An analysis of drought-prone areas shows that the areas most affected by drought are the areas where forest destruction and soil erosion are the most serious. Due to vegetation destruction, soil erosion, aggravated agro-desertification and hydrogeological and environmental changes, the ecological capacity of the local conservation water resources has weakened and evolved into a huge man-made disaster.