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征收(expropriation)是指国家对私人财产实行强制性取得或使用。征收概念出现较早,但它成为国际投资法争论热点问题,却是和国有化(nationalization)联系在一起的。20世纪,国际社会发生的两次深刻变革,即俄国十月革命的胜利和亚非拉民族解放运动的兴起,掀起了两次国有化高潮。前一次,是前苏联实行生产资料公有制,对私人财产,包括外国人财产实行国有化;后一次,是新兴民族国家为打破殖民地经济结构,实现经济自主,
Expropriation refers to the state’s compulsory acquisition or use of private property. The concept of expropriation appeared earlier, but it became a hot issue in the debate on international investment law but was linked to nationalization. In the 20th century, two profound changes in the international community, that is, the victory of the October Revolution in Russia and the rise of the Asian-African National Liberation Movement, set off two upsurges of nationalization. The former was that the former Soviet Union implemented the public ownership of the means of production and nationalized the private property, including the property of the foreigners. The latter was the reason why the emerging nation-state, in order to break the colonial economic structure and achieve economic autonomy,