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文学作品的作用,是文学之所以存在和发展的重要理由。通过比较我们发现,中国文学的作用学说基本上是持“教化”观点的,而西方文学的作用学说却基本上是持“净化”观点的。美刺,是中国古代文学的一种特殊的教化作用,主要是通过写作表达对他人的赞美和批评,是文学作品所产生的一种外在的社会功用。相比于中国古代强调“美刺”(社会作用)的文学价值观而言,西方古代的写作价值观念更为强调的是文学作品对读者(个人作用)的净化作用,也叫做“宣泄”。
The role of literary works is an important reason for the existence and development of literature. By comparison, we find that the theory of the role of Chinese literature basically holds the view of “education”, while the theory of the role of Western literature basically holds the view of “purifying”. Beauty thorn is a special enlightenment function of Chinese ancient literature. It mainly expresses the praise and criticism to others through writing and is an external social function produced by literary works. Compared with the ancient Chinese literary values that emphasize “beauty thorn” (social role), the ancient Western values of writing emphasize more the purifying effect of literary works on the reader (personal role), also known as catharsis ".