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朱熹与陈亮的著名辩论在古人眼里是性命与事功之争;而到了某些现代学者那里,又成了功利主义儒家对正统儒家的挑战。然而西方的“功利主义”概念根本不适合用来指称陈亮的立场。而这种不适合促使我们重新思考这场著名争论的实质。其实,朱陈的分歧并非在是否要功利,而在更加深刻的历史哲学和政治哲学的层次。朱陈之辩给我们提供了一个含义丰富的古人如何理解历史与政治的案例。
In the eyes of the ancients, the famous debates between Zhu Xi and Chen Liang were the struggle between life and work; and to some modern scholars, the utilitarian Confucianism became a challenge to orthodox Confucianism. However, the concept of “utilitarianism” in the West is simply not suitable to refer to Chen Liang’s position. And such discomfort prompts us to rethink the essence of this famous controversy. In fact, Zhu Chen’s disagreement does not mean whether he wants utilitarianism, but at a deeper level of historical philosophy and political philosophy. Zhu Chenzhi’s defense provided us with a rich case study of how the ancients understood history and politics.