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“东学”一词是清末学术界对日本思想和学术的较为普遍的称谓。日本自明治维新之后的迅速崛起,不仅为张之洞在国内兴办洋务提供了事实支撑,也使得日本成为张之洞心目中学习西方文化的首选对象。这种以日本为中介“师法西方”的速成途径,不仅反映出张之洞的功利主义心态,而且对东学根基的误读以及对传统伦理的固守,也使其本人的思想始终没有迈进近代的门槛。
The term “east school ” is the more common name for Japanese thought and scholarship in the academia in the late Qing dynasty. Japan’s rapid rise since the Meiji Restoration not only provided factual support for Zhang Zhidong’s establishment of foreign affairs in China, but also made Japan the preferred target of learning Western culture in his mind. This fast-track way of taking Japan as an intermediary and “teaching the West” not only reflects Zhang Zhidong’s utilitarian mentality, but also misinterprets the foundations of East Learning and his sticking to the traditional ethics, There is no threshold for entering the modern era.