背景:流感减毒活疫苗(LAIV)和流感病毒灭活疫苗(IIV)可以接种于儿童。对接种LAIV一个月后再接种LAIV和接种IIV后再接种LAIV诱导产生的局部及全身免疫反应进行评估,用LAIV二次接种后病毒的回收率作为抗自然暴露感染的保护性的替代物。方法:15名儿童接种IIV后接种LAIV;13名儿童初始接种LAIV,11名儿童第二次接种LAIV。该 Background: Live influenza attenuated vaccine (LAIV) and influenza virus inactivated vaccine (IIV) can be vaccinated in children. The local and systemic immune responses induced by LAIV one month after inoculation with LAIV, LAIV after inoculation and IIV followed by LAIV were also assessed as a protective surrogate against naturally exposed infections with LAIV secondary vaccination. Methods: Fifteen children were vaccinated with LAIV after vaccination with IIV. Thirteen children were initially vaccinated with LAIV, and 11 children were vaccinated with LAIV for the second time. This