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目的探讨健康信念模式和自我效能理论教育对超重女中学生健康信念、自我效能、生活质量、生理生化指标以及身体成分的影响,为青春期学生超重和肥胖预防与治疗提供参考。方法 72例超重女中学生为前期在贵阳市4所寄宿中学筛查获得,随机均分为对照组和干预组,干预组进行健康信念和自我效能教育,对照组进行常规健康指导,随访1a考察两组受试学生的健康信念量表评分、自我效能量表评分、健康调查量表评分、生理生化指标及身体成分变化。结果干预组与对照组分别有35和36名学生完成随访。干预后,干预组学生健康信念评分总分(75.39±12.68)和自我效能量评分总分(82.74±13.45)均高于对照组(63.99±12.64,70.91±13.26),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-7.612,-8.166,P值均<0.05);干预组学生总体健康(76.74±15.42)、生命活力(68.36±17.87)、社会功能(75.38±19.16)、情感职能(71.21±18.32)、精神健康评分(74.04±15.07)均高于对照组(44.21±10.67,47.11±18.86,63.52±16.64,49.91±19.35,55.21±18.68),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-8.110,-7.614,-5.596,-8.612,-2.767,P值均<0.01);干预组学生身体脂肪百分比(22.2±3.7)%低于对照组(25.3±3.0)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论健康信念模式和自我效能理论教育可以提高超重学生的生活质量,增强体重控制意念和效果,值得进一步实践和推广应用。
Objective To explore the effects of health belief model and self-efficacy theory education on health beliefs, self-efficacy, quality of life, physiological and biochemical indexes and body composition of overweight female secondary school students, and provide references for the prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity in adolescent students. Methods A total of 72 overweight female high school students were screened at four boarding schools in Guiyang for the first time. They were randomly divided into control group and intervention group. The intervention group was given health belief and self-efficacy education, while the control group received routine health guidance. The scores of Health and Faith Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, Health Surveys Scale, Physiological and Biochemical Indexes, and Body Composition of the test subjects. Results 35 and 36 students in intervention group and control group were followed up. After intervention, the score of students’ health belief score (75.39 ± 12.68) and self-efficacy score (82.74 ± 13.45) in intervention group were significantly higher than that of control group (63.99 ± 12.64,70.91 ± 13.26), with significant difference (t = -7.612, -8.166, P <0.05 respectively). The total health of students in intervention group was 76.74 ± 15.42, the vitality of life was 68.36 ± 17.87, the social function was 75.38 ± 19.16, the emotional function was 71.21 ± 18.32 ), Mental health score (74.04 ± 15.07) were higher than the control group (44.21 ± 10.67,47.11 ± 18.86,63.52 ± 16.64,49.91 ± 19.35,55.21 ± 18.68), the differences were statistically significant (t values were -8.110 , -7.614, -5.596, -8.612, -2.767, P <0.01). The percentage of body fat in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (22.2 ± 3.7% vs 25.3 ± 3.0%, P <0.05). Conclusion The health belief mode and self-efficacy theory education can improve the quality of life of overweight students and enhance the ideas and effects of weight control, so it is worth further practice and popularization and application.