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免疫生物疗法被认为是最有希望的防治肝癌术后复发转移的非手术治疗方法。已发现肝内免疫抑制状态微环境失衡是肝癌病人的特征性表现,纠正这一状态有助于抑制肿瘤进展。逆转免疫应答失衡和免疫抑制的策略包括肿瘤疫苗、细胞因子与细胞疗法、靶向免疫检测点和靶向清除肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)等。临床试验证实干扰素等细胞因子和辅助性应用细胞因子诱导活化(CIK)细胞疗法可降低复发率、延长生存期。近年来嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T细胞)疗法和以PD-1/PD-L1和CTLA4等为免疫监测点的免疫新疗法取得突破性进展,为治愈肝癌带来了曙光。联合应用、个体化精准定制、肝癌特异性抗原识别等领域值得关注。
Immunobiotherapy is considered as the most promising non-surgical treatment for the prevention and treatment of postoperative recurrence and metastasis of liver cancer. It has been found that intrahepatic immunosuppressive status microenvironment imbalance is a characteristic manifestation of liver cancer patients, to correct this state helps to inhibit tumor progression. Strategies to reverse imbalances and immunosuppression of immune responses include tumor vaccines, cytokine and cell therapy, targeted immunodetection sites, and targeted clearance of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Clinical trials confirmed that interferon and other cytokines and adjuvant cytokine-induced activation (CIK) cell therapy can reduce the recurrence rate and prolong survival. In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapies and new immunotherapy with PD-1 / PD-L1 and CTLA4 as the immunological monitoring point made a breakthrough, to bring about a cure for liver cancer. Joint application, precise customization of individual, liver cancer-specific antigen recognition and other fields deserve attention.