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目的了解深圳市宝安区公众结核病防治知识、信念和行为现况。方法采用多阶段分层系统抽样方法,在宝安区10个街道,抽取6个乡镇,每个乡镇抽取6个村,每村抽100户,每户抽2名12～65岁常住居民,合计7 200名常住人口。调查问卷均采用国家知晓率调查的统一标准问卷。由调查者以面对面访谈形式完成问卷填写。结果共调查7 200例,有7例失访,应答率为99.90%;其中男性3 721例,女性3 472例。核心信息总知晓率为57.04%。在知晓率方面性别间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.12,P>0.05),城区居民和农村居民知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ2=92.65,P<0.01),该地户口与外地户口居民知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ2=665.10,P<0.01)。在同事或邻居得了结核病时,5.9%的人选择不和他来往了,56.7%的人选择尽量保持距离。农村居民通过村医获取结核病知识情况与城市居民比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=371.22,P<0.01)。结论宝安区公众获取结核病防治知识途径单一,导致对结核病防治知识的知晓率较低,需加强结核病知识宣传力度和扩大宣传范围。
Objective To understand the public TB knowledge, beliefs and behaviors in Bao’an District of Shenzhen City. Methods A multistage stratified systematic sampling method was used to extract 6 townships in 10 streets of Bao’an District and 6 villages in each township. Each village smoked 100 households and each household drew 2 permanent residents aged 12-65 years, totaling 7 200 permanent population. Questionnaires are used in the national awareness survey of uniform standard questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed by interviewers in face-to-face interviews. Results A total of 7 200 cases were investigated, and 7 cases were lost to follow-up. The response rate was 99.90%. There were 3 721 males and 3 472 females. The total awareness rate of core information was 57.04%. There was no significant difference in the awareness rate between sexes (χ2 = 0.12, P> 0.05). There was significant difference in awareness among urban residents and rural residents (χ2 = 92.65, P <0.01) There was a significant difference in awareness rate (χ2 = 665.10, P <0.01). When colleagues or neighbors got tuberculosis, 5.9% chose not to interact with him, and 56.7% chose to keep their distance as far as possible. The rural residents acquired tuberculosis knowledge through village doctors compared with urban residents, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 371.22, P <0.01). Conclusion Public access to knowledge of prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in Bao’an District is single, leading to a low awareness rate of tuberculosis prevention and treatment knowledge. Knowledge of tuberculosis needs to be strengthened and scope of publicity expanded.