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由于应用抗生素治疗而产生的假膜性结肠炎(抗生素致结肠炎)大约已被公认30余年。即使在手术前仅经短时间的接触必需的肠道用抗生素制剂,也证明术后能引起这种结肠炎。在住院病人间很可能发生传染,可由污染的乙状结肠镜和其他方式传播。有很大数量的抗生素能引起假膜性结肠炎,包括林肯霉素、氯林肯霉素、氨苄青霉素、四环素和氯霉素。虽然推荐用灭滴灵作为治疗这种结肠炎的一种方法,但发现灭滴灵也有引起假膜性结肠炎的报告。其病原体已鉴定为
Pseudomembranous colitis (antibiotic-induced colitis) due to the use of antibiotic therapy has been around for more than 30 years. It is also demonstrated that this colitis can be caused postoperatively even with antibiotic preparations for enteric use that are necessary only for a short period of time prior to surgery. Infections are most likely to occur in hospitalized patients and can be transmitted by contaminated sigmoidoscopy and other means. A large number of antibiotics cause pseudomembranous colitis, including lincomycin, clindamycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. Although metronidazole is recommended as a treatment for this colitis, metronidazole is also reported to cause pseudomembranous colitis. Its pathogen has been identified as