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目的了解惠州市甲型H1N1流感流行状况,为有效防控甲型H1N1流感提供参考依据。方法运用描述流行病学方法分析2009～2012年惠州市甲型H1N1流感流行状况;用血清流行病学方法调查惠州市人群甲型H1N1流感病毒的感染水平。结果 2009～2012年惠州市流感监测哨点医院的平均ILI就诊百分比(ILI%)为7.88%,共报告甲型H1N1流感279例。采集鼻咽拭子2 230份,甲型H1N1流感核酸检测阳性219份,阳性率为9.82%,阳性率最高的年龄组为15～岁组(24.45%),最低的年龄组为0～岁组(3.43%)。三次横断面调查共抽取调查对象480人,甲型H1N1流感病毒抗体阳性人数121人,阳性率为25.21%。三次调查抗体阳性率分别为30.0%,36.25%和9.38%,人群甲型H1N1流感抗体阳性率在年龄、性别及职业间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);接种过甲型H1N1流感疫苗和未接种过甲型H1N1流感疫苗之间的抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=71.76,P<0.05)。结论惠州市甲型H1N1流感疫情通过采取综合性措施得到有效防控,今后应定期在人群中开展流感病毒抗体监测,以便了解人群对流感流行株的免疫保护和病毒抗原变化,为防控流感提供重要依据。
Objective To understand the prevalence of Influenza A (H1N1) in Huizhou and provide a reference for effective prevention and control of Influenza A (H1N1). Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the prevalence of Influenza A (H1N1) in Huizhou from 2009 to 2012, and the prevalence of Influenza A (H1N1) in Huizhou was detected by serological epidemiology. Results The average percentage of ILI visits (ILI%) at the influenza surveillance sentinel hospital in Huizhou City from 2009 to 2012 was 7.88%. A total of 279 H1N1 influenza cases were reported. A total of 2 230 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, 219 positive for influenza A (H1N1) nucleic acid were detected, the positive rate was 9.82%. The highest positive rate was between 15 and 24 years old (24.45%), and the lowest age group was 0 to (3.43%). A total of 480 subjects were sampled from the three cross-sectional surveys, 121 were positive for the type A H1N1 influenza virus, with a positive rate of 25.21%. The positive rates of antibody against influenza A (H1N1) in the three surveys were 30.0%, 36.25% and 9.38%, respectively. The positive rates of influenza A (H1N1) antibody in the population were statistically significant among age, sex and occupation (P <0.05) The positive rate of antibody between unvaccinated A and H1N1 influenza vaccines was statistically significant (χ2 = 71.76, P <0.05). Conclusion The epidemic situation of Influenza A (H1N1) in Huizhou is effectively controlled by taking comprehensive measures. In the future, influenza virus antibody surveillance should be carried out regularly in the population in order to understand the population’s immune protection and virus antigen changes in the pandemic influenza and to provide influenza prevention and control Important reference.