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目的:通过对2岁以下唇腭裂患儿进行术前耳科检查和听力测试,调查低龄唇腭裂患儿听力损伤的患病率。方法:选取2月-2岁唇腭裂患儿73例,分为单纯唇裂组、不完全腭裂组及完全腭裂组,术前进行耳镜检查、鼓室图、耳声发射(OAE)、听性脑干反应(ABR)等检查,并选择年龄相匹配的正常儿童61例作为对照组,进行组间比较。结果:单纯唇裂组、不完全腭裂组、完全腭裂组及正常对照组分别有18.2%、87.5%、96.3%、18.0%发生鼓膜异常,分别有9.1%、89.6%、96.3%、6.6%出现异常鼓室图,分别有34.1%、79.2%、98.1%、32.0%有OAE测试不通过,分别有6.8%、93.8%、98.1%、3.3%有ABR听阈异常。两个腭裂组在各项检查中的异常率均在统计学上显著高于单纯唇裂组和正常对照组,其中耳镜检查、鼓室图及ABR听阈检查两个腭裂组间无统计学差异。结论:低龄唇腭裂患儿听力损伤患病率较高,听力损伤与腭裂密切相关,但与腭裂类型无关。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of hearing impairment in children with cleft lip and / or palate who had undergone preoperative otology and hearing tests in children under 2 years of age. Methods: A total of 73 children with cleft lip and palate between February and 2 were divided into simple cleft lip group, incomplete cleft palate group and complete cleft palate group. The patients underwent otoscopy, tympanogram, OAE, Dry response (ABR) and other tests, and select the age matched 61 normal children as a control group, compared between groups. RESULTS: Eustachian tissue abnormalities were found in only cleft lip group, incomplete cleft palate group, complete cleft palate group and normal control group, with abnormalities of 9.1%, 89.6%, 96.3% and 6.6% respectively, with abnormalities of 18.2%, 87.5%, 96.3% and 18.0% There were 34.1%, 79.2%, 98.1%, and 32.0% tympanograms in the tympanogram, respectively. The OAE test failed, with ABR threshold abnormalities of 6.8%, 93.8%, 98.1% and 3.3% respectively. The rates of abnormalities in the two cleft palate groups were significantly higher than those in the simple cleft lip group and the normal control group. There was no significant difference between the two cleft palate groups in otoscopy, tympanogram and ABR threshold. Conclusion: The prevalence of hearing loss in children with cleft lip and palate is relatively high. Hearing impairment is closely related to cleft palate, but not to the type of cleft palate.