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目的探索湖沼型地区血吸虫病防治策略及有效干预措施,评估家畜传染源控制为主的综合防治措施效果。方法在3个典型的湖沼型地区选取22个乡镇128个血吸虫病流行村,以洲滩和村垸为建设单元,实施易感地带封洲禁牧、建立定点牧场、开展舍饲圈养等以家畜传染源控制为主的综合防治措施,观察干预措施前后人畜病情与螺情变化,评估干预措施对血吸虫病的控制效果。结果实施家畜传染源控制为主的综合防治措施2~3年后,主要传染源(牛)饲养户数和数量分别减少了42.86%和50.30%,钉螺孳生环境的野粪密度和阳性率分别减少了89.72%和84.51%,人、畜(牛)、钉螺感染率分别下降了51.93%、74.90%和92.42%,环境安全性提高了97.93%。干预措施前后效果有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论结合当地经济开发,因地制宜地采取以家畜传染源控制为主的综合防治措施,对湖沼型地区的血吸虫病传播控制具有重要作用。
Objective To explore the strategies and effective interventions for controlling schistosomiasis in lakes and marshes, and to evaluate the effect of comprehensive prevention and control measures based on the control of livestock sources of infection. Methods A total of 128 schistosomiasis endemic villages in 22 towns and villages were selected from 3 typical lakes and marshes in this study. Infection source control-based comprehensive prevention and treatment measures to observe the changes in human and animal disease before and after the intervention and snail changes to assess the effect of interventions on the control of schistosomiasis. Results Two to three years after the implementation of the comprehensive control measures of control of livestock sources of infection, the number and population of main sources of infection (cattle) decreased by 42.86% and 50.30%, respectively, and the density and positive rate of wild feces of snail breeding environment decreased respectively 89.72% and 84.51% respectively. The infection rates of human, livestock (cattle) and snails decreased by 51.93%, 74.90% and 92.42% respectively, and the environmental safety increased by 97.93%. The effect of intervention before and after the significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion Combined with the local economic development, the comprehensive prevention and control measures based on the control of livestock sources of infection are taken according to local conditions, which plays an important role in the control of transmission of schistosomiasis in the lakeshore region.