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目的探讨支气管哮喘儿童父母的抑郁焦虑症状及相关因素,为其心理干预提供依据。方法对纳入标准的174名患儿父母采用艾森克人格问卷简式量表(EPQ-RSC)、应付方式问卷(CSQ)、社会支持量表(SSRS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)和焦虑自评量表(SAS)等自评量表进行问卷调查。结果患儿父母抑郁症状发生率为21.84%,焦虑症状发生率为11.49%,抑郁与焦虑症状共病发生率为23.56%。患儿父母在性别、儿童患病年龄,哮喘疾病严重程度的构成比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。共病组内外向因子得分低于抑郁组和焦虑组,抑郁组和焦虑组低于无症状组(P<0.01);共病组神经质因子得分高于抑郁组和焦虑组,抑郁组和焦虑组高于无病组(P<0.01)。无症状组仅在主观支持、客观支持、社会支持总分得分显著高于共病组(P<0.05)。无症状组、抑郁组、焦虑组在解决问题和求助两因子得分显著高于共病组;无症状组在幻想、退避、合理化因子得分显著低于其他3组;无症状组自责因子得分显著低于抑郁组和焦虑组,抑郁组和焦虑组显著低于共病组。Logistic回归分析显示,患儿患病年龄越小、疾病严重程度重,及患病儿童父母神经质因子和自责得分较高者更容易出现抑郁症状和焦虑症状。结论哮喘患儿父母的抑郁焦虑症状发生率较高,对其父母抑郁焦虑症状发生的危险因素有儿童患病年龄越小、疾病严重程度重,及低外倾性,较高水平神经质和自责。
Objective To investigate the symptoms and related factors of depression and anxiety in parents of children with bronchial asthma and provide basis for their psychological intervention. Methods A total of 174 children with inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The EPQ-RSC, CSQ, SSRS, SDS and Anxiety self-rating scale (SAS) and other self-rating questionnaire survey. Results The incidence of depression was 21.84%, the incidence of anxiety was 11.49%, and the incidence of depression and anxiety was 23.56%. Parents of children with gender, age of children, asthma severity of the composition of the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). The scores of extrinsic and extrinsic factors in comorbidity group were lower than those in depression group and anxiety group, depression group and anxiety group were lower than those in asymptomatic group (P <0.01); neuroticism score in comorbidity group was higher than depression group and anxiety group, depression group and anxiety group Higher than disease-free group (P <0.01). Asymptomatic group score was significantly higher than comorbidity group only in subjective support, objective support and social support (P <0.05). The asymptomatic group, depression group and anxiety group scored significantly higher than the co-morbidities in resolving the problem and asking for help. The asymptomatic group scored significantly lower than the other three groups in the fantasy, withdrawal and rationalization factors. Asymptomatic group scored significantly Lower than the depression group and anxiety group, depression group and anxiety group was significantly lower than comorbidity group. Logistic regression analysis showed that depression and anxiety symptoms were more likely to occur in children with younger age, heavier disease severity, higher levels of parental neuroticism and self-blame in the affected children. Conclusions The incidence of depression and anxiety in parents of asthmatic children is high. The risk factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms of their parents are the younger children, the heavier the disease severity, the lower extroversion, the higher neuroticism and the self-blame .