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社会选择理论从其诞生起,就牢牢扣住了“经济人”这个最基本的行为假设,假设个体是“追求自利的、效用最大化者”。但从这一假设出发,该理论遭遇了严重的发展困境,不得不以“集体行动的不可能”、“阿罗不可能定理”等结论告终。围绕着如何突破不可能性,该领域的另一位领军人物阿玛蒂亚.森提出了“信息扩展”的要求,为社会选择理论带来了新的生机。信息扩展,其实质是修正理性人假设,承认社会选择中的价值、伦理、感性等因素的作用,实现认知理性与价值理性的统一、理性选择与感性选择的统一。
Since its birth, the theory of social choice has firmly stuck to the most basic behavioral hypothesis of “economic man ”, assuming that the individual is “the self-seeking, utility maximizer ”. However, starting from this assumption, the theory has encountered serious difficulties in development and has to end with the conclusion that “the impossible of collective action” and “Arrow can not be theorem”. Around the question of how to break the odds, Amartya Sen, another leader in the field, raised the issue of “information expansion” and brought new vitality to social choice theory. The essence of the information expansion is to correct the hypothesis of the rational man and acknowledge the role of social values such as the value, ethics and sensibility in the social choice so as to unify the cognitive rationality and the value rationality and unify the rational choice and the sensual choice.