养老保险的问题,涉及公平与效率。要想在同一个制度框架中,同时解决公平与效率的问题,至少迄今为止,世界上并没有成功的先例。因此,世界上比较成熟的养老保险制度,都分为“基础养老保险”和“补充养老保险”两个部分。这种以分而治之为特点的基本模式是:基础养老保险主要体现公平,效率次之;补充 The problem of pension insurance involves fairness and efficiency. To solve the issue of fairness and efficiency in the same institutional framework, at least so far, there are no successful precedents in the world. Therefore, the mature pension system in the world is divided into two parts: “basic pension insurance” and “supplementary pension insurance”. The basic pattern characterized by divide and rule is that basic pension insurance is mainly fair and efficient;