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目的了解手持工件打磨作业手传振动职业接触特征,为该类作业的职业危害防治控制技术研究提供依据。方法采用问卷调查法和现场职业卫生调查法,采取企业填写、个人访谈(管理人员和一线工人)和现场走访相结合的形式对4家典型手持工件打磨企业进行调查。结果 4家企业中,有22.4%(835/3 727)的作业工人从事手持工件打磨作业。4家企业主要使用的振动工具包括抛光机、磨光机和抛光轮;打磨作业工人打磨的工件包括纽扣、马桶盖、热水壶、手机壳和高尔夫球头。打磨作业工人均配置了降噪耳塞和防尘口罩,但均未佩戴减振手套。手持工件打磨作业具有间接性、持续性接触振动和精细作业的特点,部分打磨作业工人打磨时需借助膝盖和腹部作为支撑辅助部位。手持工件打磨作业工人接触振动时间为6~11 h/d;4 h频率计权加速度为1.9~19.4 m/s~2,其最大值均超过职业接触限值5.0 m/s~2,同一企业中的4 h频率计权加速度范围跨度大。结论相对于传统的振动工具作业,手持工件打磨作业的手传振动特征具有不同的特点,其打磨工具结构更复杂,打磨方式更精细,打磨作业工人接触振动水平影响因素更多,受危害部位更广泛。
Objective To understand the occupational contact characteristics of hands-on vibration of hand-held workpiece grinding and provide the basis for the research on the prevention and control of occupational hazards in such work. Methods Questionnaire and on-site occupational health survey were used to investigate four typical hand-held workpiece grinding enterprises in the form of a combination of enterprise filing, personal interviews (managers and front-line workers) and on-site visits. As a result, 22.4% (835/3 727) of the 4 enterprises engaged in hand-held workpiece grinding work. Vibrating tools used mainly by the four companies include polishing machines, buffing machines and buffing wheels; polishing workpieces include buttons, toilet covers, hot water kettles, cell phone cases and golf club heads. Sanding workers are equipped with noise-canceling earbuds and dust masks, but none wear vibration-damping gloves. Hand-held workpiece grinding operations are indirect, continuous contact with the vibration and fine work characteristics, some grinding workers need to use the knees and abdomen as a grinding support accessories. The contact vibration time of hand-held workpiece grinding workers was 6-11 h / d, and that of 4-h frequency weighted acceleration was 1.9-19.4 m / s ~ 2, all exceeding the occupational exposure limit of 5.0 m / s ~ 2. The same enterprise In the 4 h frequency weighted acceleration span span. Conclusion Compared with traditional vibration tools, hand-carried vibration characteristics of hand-held workpiece grinding have different characteristics. The structure of the grinding tools is more complex and the grinding method is finer. The factors affecting the vibration level of grinding workers are more, widely.