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明代物质文化蓬勃发展离不开匠人的辛勤劳作,深入解析明代匠人的情况在物质史的研究中十分重要,这是现今理解“明式家具”等杰出手工作品所呈现的面貌的重要前提。明代手工业以江南地区的发展最为突出,在之前封建社会工匠所享社会地位并不高,明代前期实行的匠籍制度,让工匠处于半奴役的状态,这一情况直到明代中后期才得以改变,工匠地位逐步得以提升。此文以江南这一手工业高度发展的区域为例,围绕“江南地区工匠地位晋升”这一问题进行原因探讨和表现分析。
The prosperous development of material culture in Ming Dynasty can not be separated from the hard work of artisans. It is very important to deeply analyze the tradesmen in the Ming Dynasty in the study of material history, which is an important prerequisite for understanding today the outstanding handicrafts such as Ming Furniture. . The handicraft industry in Ming Dynasty was most prominent in the development of Jiangnan area. Before the feudal society, the art status enjoyed by the artisans was not high. The system of craftsmanship practiced in the early Ming Dynasty kept the craftsmen in the state of semi-servitude. This situation was not changed until mid-and late Ming Dynasty, Artisan status has been gradually improved. This paper takes Jiangnan, a highly developed area of handicraft industry as an example, and probes into the reason and performance analysis of the issue of “promotion of artisan status in southern China”.