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种植义齿是牙列缺损和牙列缺失的有效修复方法.在上颌后牙区,严重的牙周炎或根尖周炎可造成较大范围的骨质破坏,患牙拔除后还可导致上颌窦的不断气化,造成剩余牙槽嵴骨量不足.上颌窦底提升术是增加上颌后牙区垂直骨量的常规治疗技术,应用这一技术可以扩大种植修复的适应证,其术后的成骨效果关系到种植义齿的长期预后.临床中不同病例术后的实际成骨效果不同,研究表明上颌窦的解剖及病理因素、手术术式及是否植骨、种植体突入上颌窦的高度、种植体植入时机、骨移植物的选择及组织工程技术的应用、患者的全身状况等均可能影响术后成骨效果.本文就上颌窦底提升术后窦内成骨效果的影响因素作一综述,以期为种植临床工作提供参考.“,”Implant-supported denture has been widely used in replacing the missing tooth/teeth or dentition.In the posterior maxilla,alveolar bone could be greatly damaged in cases with severe periodontitis or periapical periodontitis.Moreover,the pneumatization of the maxillary sinus would further reduce the vertical bone height after tooth extraction.The techniques of sinus floor elevation have been commonly employed to increase the vertical bone volume,which allow implant placement in severe atrophic cases.The outcome of bone augmentation in sinus floor elevation could be associated with various factors,including anatomical structures and pathological changes of maxillary sinus,surgical procedures,graft-added or graftless protocols,implant protruded height into the sinus,the timing of implant placement,graft materials,tissue engineering,as well as the general health conditions.Here we review the factors that may associate with the outcome of bone augmentation in sinus floor elevation,which we hope might benefit the clinical work.