目的：探讨突发群体暴力事件后，社区居民抑郁障碍的发病规律及影响因素。方法由专业精神科医生以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版修订版（DSM‐IV‐TR）轴I障碍临床定式检查，对某突发群体暴力事件涉及人群中的新疆中湾街沿街年龄≥15岁的全体居民进行检测，使用DSM‐IV对抑郁障碍进行诊断；并以艾森克人格问卷和应付方式问卷进行测查，分析抑郁障碍发病规律及影响因素。结果抑郁障碍患病率13．10％。人格问卷比较，抑郁障碍组较无病组神经质得分高（P＜0．05），掩饰性得分低（P＜0．05）；应付方式比较，抑郁障碍组较无病组退避、幻想、自责和合理化得分高（P＜0．05）、求助和解决问题得分低（P＜0．05）。Logistic逐步回归分析显示，年龄、文化、暴露程度、内外向、神经质、自责5个参数在抑郁障碍发生上有显著影响。结论抑郁障碍是灾后的常见疾病，其人格特质是情绪稳定性差，应付方式多消极、少积极。应激与抑郁障碍存在因果关系。“,”Objectives To explore the pathogenesis regularity and influencing factors of depressive disorder after the sudden mass incidents among community residents .Methods Along the zhong‐wan street ,the residents aged 15 years and older were assessed with DSM‐IV‐TR axis I disorder and diagnosised with DSM‐IV .And they were evaluated with Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ) and Coping Style questionnaire .The pathogenesis regularity and influencing factors of depressive disorder were analyzed .Results The prevalence rate of depressive disorder was 13 .10% .In compari‐son of EPQ ,the neuroticism scores of depressive disorder group were higher than the illness‐free group (P<0 .05) , and the masked scores of depressive disorder group were lower than the illness‐free group (P<0 .05) .In compari‐son of the coping style ,the avoidance ,fantasy ,guilt ,rationalization of depressive disorder group were higher than the illness‐free group (P<0 .05) ,and calling for help and solve problem of depressive disorder group were lower than the illness‐free group (P<0 .05) .Logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that age ,culture ,degree of ex‐posure ,introversion and extroversion ,neuroticism ,guilt and constants had significant influence on depressive disor‐der .Conclusions Depression disorder is a common disease after disaster ,the personality are emotional stability and partial introverted ,the coping style were more negative and less active way .There is a causal connection between stress and depression disorder .