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明清时期华南海岛开发中权力和利益的纠葛错综复杂,显示了国家政权扩张与地方社会之间长期调适过程的实态。涠洲岛所在北部湾海域自古盛产珍珠,民间以采珠和渔捞为业。明代先后在涠洲岛和沿海地区添设采珠内监衙门、游击将军和守海水寨,竭力垄断珠池,打击民众非法私采。涠洲岛及其周边海域成为明政府与“珠盗”周旋角力的舞台。清代以后,涠洲岛上偷渡私垦活动屡禁不止;同时多股“洋盗”在粤西和安南之间出没,冲击海防秩序,使官府的海岛经营策略长期处于封禁和开放的两难境地。至清末法国传教士协助大批广东客民移居岛上,迫使清政府放弃封禁政策,涠洲岛稍具规模的聚落街庄得以逐渐形成,国家行政构架构最终在岛上稳固起来。基于这个漫长的历史过程,促成了涠洲岛生本土信仰与外来宗教、渔民村庄与客家聚落混融共处的独特的历史遗存和社会文化结构。
The entanglement of power and interest in the development of the South China Sea during the Ming and Qing Dynasties was intricate and complex, showing the real state of the long-term adjustment process between the expansion of state power and local society. Weizhou Island where the Beibu Gulf abounds in pearl since ancient times, private beads and fishing industry. In the Ming Dynasty successively in Weizhou Island and the coastal areas to set up beads within the prison supervision yamen, guerrillas and keep the sea walled, trying to monopolize the bead pool to crack down on illegal private mining. Weizhou Island and its surrounding waters become the Ming government and “Beat ” the stage of struggle. After the Qing Dynasty, Weizhou Island illegal reclamation reclamation activities despite repeated prohibitions; the same time, multiple shares “pirates ” infested between western Guangdong and Annan, the impact of coastal defense order, so that the government’s island business strategy for a long time in a dilemma in the ban and open . By the end of the Qing Dynasty, French missionaries helped a large number of Guangdong immigrants to move to the island, forcing the Qing government to abandon the embargo policy. The slightly larger settlement streets in Weizhou Island were gradually formed, and the national administrative structure eventually became solid on the island. Based on this long historical process, it has contributed to the unique historical relics and social and cultural structures that blend local beliefs and exotic religions in Weizhou Island, fishermen villages and Hakka settlements.