政府与市场的关系一直是现代经济学研究的一个基本问题,也是市场经济的发展实践中反复选择的过程。本文通过分析凯恩斯和布坎南两种理论中政府与市场的关系,认识到政府与市场之间并不是非此即彼的关系,二者的最佳结合点是均衡和谐、相生相长。与西方市场经济国家不同的是,我国经济发展所面临的主要矛盾和问题是市场发育不成熟,政府与市场和谐关系的确定要解决的是如何促使市场的成熟 The relationship between the government and the market has always been a basic problem in the study of modern economics and a process repeatedly chosen in the practice of market economy development. By analyzing the relationship between government and market in both Keynesian and Buchanan’s theories, this article realizes that the relationship between the government and the market is not the one or the other, and the best combination of the two is balanced and harmonious. The difference with the western market economy countries is that the major contradictions and problems our country faces in economic development are the immature development of the market and the determination of the harmonious relationship between the government and the market to be solved is how to make the market mature