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目的探究老年人规律体育活动与身体指标关系,分析高血压患病相关因素,为老年人健康干预提供有益参考。方法采用随机整群抽样法,于2015年对陕西省十城市1 555名老年人的年龄、性别、身高、体重、腰围、血压、规律体育活动等情况进行调查分析。结果调查对象规律体育活动参与率51.38%,按规律体育活动分组,老年人身高(t=2.054,P=0.040)、体重(t=2.411,P=0.016)、腰围(t=3.339,P=0.001)、腰围身高比(WHtR)(t=3.601,P=0.000)组间差异有统计学意义。调查对象高血压患病率35.1%,影响老年人高血压患病的与体育有关的因素有运动频次(B=-1.646,P=0.000)、运动时长(B=0.943,P=0.000)、WHtR(B=0.395,P=0.013);BMI对高血压患病无影响(P>0.05)。结论规律体育活动有助于老年人增加身体肌肉比例,降低中心性肥胖风险,改善血压水平。老年人高血压患病与运动频次、运动时长、WHtR密切相关。采用规律体育活动对老年高血压危险因素开展干预,应注重疲劳状态监控。
Objective To explore the relationship between regular physical activity and physical indicators in the elderly and to analyze the related factors of hypertension in order to provide useful reference for the elderly’s health intervention. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to investigate the age, sex, height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, regular physical activity of 1 555 elderly people in 10 cities of Shaanxi Province in 2015. Results The participation rate of regular physical activity was 51.38% in the surveyed subjects. According to the regular physical activity group, the height (t = 2.054, P = 0.040), body weight ), WHtR (t = 3.601, P = 0.000). There was significant difference between the two groups. The prevalence of hypertension in the surveyed subjects was 35.1%. The sports-related factors influencing the prevalence of hypertension in the elderly were exercise frequency (B = -1.646, P = 0.000), exercise duration (B = 0.943, P = 0.000), WHtR (B = 0.395, P = 0.013); BMI had no effect on the prevalence of hypertension (P> 0.05). Conclusion Regular physical activity can help the elderly to increase body-muscle ratio, reduce the risk of central obesity and improve blood pressure. Hypertension in the elderly and exercise frequency, exercise duration, WHtR are closely related. The use of regular physical activity to hypertension risk factors to intervene, we should focus on fatigue monitoring.