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中国正处于经济转型时期,正式制度与非正式制度对中国经济转型和产业升级都有着重要的影响。而现有文献缺乏非正式制度对不同制度依赖性行业异质性影响的研究。文章主要基于中国工业企业数据库的微观数据,利用行业的资产专用性和产品复杂度来衡量制度依赖度,从TFP和出口两方面来衡量比较优势,分析了诚信环境对于产业比较优势的异质性影响。研究发现,诚信环境的改善对于制度依赖性较高行业的比较优势的促进作用更强,并且这一结论具有较强的稳健性,在控制了正式制度的影响后,这一结论仍然成立,即除了正式制度外,诚信环境可以独立地发挥保障交易顺利进行的作用。进一步地,我们分析了诚信环境这一非正式制度与正式制度对产业比较优势影响的关系,结果发现,二者之间呈显著的互补性关系,这表明二者对产业比较优势的影响是相互强化的。因此,随着诚信环境的改善,制度依赖性较高的行业更具比较优势和发展潜力,将可能成为中国经济未来的增长动力之一。
China is in the period of economic restructuring. Both formal and informal systems have an important impact on China’s economic restructuring and industrial upgrading. However, the existing literature lacks the research on the heterogeneity of informal systems dependent on different systems. Based on the micro-data of China’s industrial enterprises database, the paper uses the asset specificity and product complexity of the industry to measure the institutional dependence, compares the comparative advantages from TFP and export, and analyzes the heterogeneity of the integrity environment for industrial comparative advantage influences. The study found that the improvement of good faith has a stronger effect on the comparative advantage of industries with higher institutional dependency and this conclusion is robust. After the influence of the formal system is controlled, this conclusion still holds, that is, In addition to the formal system, an environment of integrity can play an independent role in safeguarding the smooth conduct of transactions. Furthermore, we analyze the relationship between the informal system of good faith and the formal system on the comparative advantage of industries. We find that there is a significant complementary relationship between the informal system and the industrial system, which shows that the two have mutual influence on industrial comparative advantage Fortified. Therefore, with the improvement of good faith environment, industries with higher institutional dependence have more comparative advantages and development potentials, and will likely become one of the growth engines for China’s economy in the future.