本文归纳三十年来海底地热源测定的概况。测定温度梯度有许多不同的仪器装置,归根结蒂只有两种基本方法:Bullard探针和Ewing方法。温度梯度测定着重介绍数字测量技术。沉积物热导率的测定介绍了四种较有代表性的方法:稳定态法、含水量法、瞬态探针法和脉冲探针法。两种探针法可在海底原位测定热导率,用脉冲探针法在海底原位测定热导率的精度达5％。 This article summarizes the survey of seafloor geothermal sources over the past 30 years. Measuring Temperature Gradients There are many different instrumentation, and ultimately, there are only two basic methods: the Bullard probe and the Ewing method. Temperature gradient measurement focuses on digital measurement techniques. The determination of thermal conductivity of sediments introduces four representative methods: steady state method, water content method, transient probe method and pulse probe method. The two probe methods can be used to determine the thermal conductivity in situ on the seafloor. The pulse probe method can be used to determine the thermal conductivity in situ at a resolution of 5%.