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目的了解陕西省2012-2014年甲型H1N1流感病毒的流行特征和血凝素(HA)、神经氨酸酶(NA)的基因特征。方法收集陕西省全省18家哨点医院流感样病例的监测资料和12家流感网络实验室病原学检测结果。用RT-PCR方法对部分甲型H1N1流感病毒进行HA、NA基因序列扩增,利用生物软件对序列特征及变化情况进行分析。结果陕西省2012-2014年度甲型H1N1为当年流行的优势株,占流感样病例的4.73%,占流感病毒阳性的43.44%,流行高峰时间为每年的11月~次年的2月。通过测序得到的各样本HA序列为1701bp,编码566个氨基酸,NA序列为1710bp,编码469个氨基酸,两年间分别有16、21个氨基酸发生变异,其中在142、180、202、220位点出现变异发生在HA抗原决定簇,HA的受体结合位点、潜在糖基化位点比较稳定,两年间没有发生变化,2012-2013年度毒株的NA序列增加了一个42(NQSQ)潜在的糖基化位点,NA序列没有发现耐药位点变异。结论 2012-2014年度陕西省甲型H1N1处于低流行状态,为流行的优势株,甲型H1N1的HA、NA氨基酸位点的变异属于抗原漂移,甲型H1N1流感与疫苗的匹配程度逐年降低。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza A (H1N1) virus and the genetic characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) in Shaanxi province from 2012 to 2014. Methods The surveillance data of influenza-like illness in 18 sentinel hospitals in Shaanxi province and the results of pathogenic tests in 12 influenza network laboratories were collected. The HA and NA gene sequences of some H1N1 influenza viruses were amplified by RT-PCR, and the sequence characteristics and changes were analyzed by using biological software. Results Influenza A H1N1 was the predominant strain in 2012-2014 in Shaanxi Province, accounting for 4.73% of influenza-like cases and 43.44% of influenza-positive cases. The epidemic peak time was from November to February of the following year. The HA sequence of each sample obtained by sequencing was 1701bp, encoding 566 amino acids, NA sequence was 1710bp, encoding 469 amino acids. There were 16,21 amino acid mutations in two years, of which 142,180,202,220 The mutation occurred in HA antigen binding site and the receptor binding site of HA, and the potential glycosylation site was relatively stable with no change in two years. The NA sequence of 2012-2013 strain added a 42 (NQSQ) potential sugar There was no variation of drug-resistant loci in the sequence of NA and NA sites. Conclusion H1N1 in Shaanxi Province was in a low prevalence status during 2012-2014, which was a predominant strain. The variation of HA and NA amino acid residues of H1N1 belonged to antigenic drift, and the matching degree between H1N1 influenza vaccine and vaccine decreased year by year.