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目的探讨职业性噪声暴露对制造业工人的血压影响。方法采用横断面研究方法,以南通市2016年参加职业健康检查的在岗期间的6 770名有职业性噪声暴露的作业工人为研究对象,以听力损失作为累计噪声暴露量(CNE)的替代指标,对不同性别、年龄和工龄的工人的血压情况进行对比研究。结果可见随着年龄和工龄的增长,高血压患病率逐渐增高,有噪声所致的听力损失者的高血压患病率明显高于听力正常的工人(P<0.05)。进行性别、年龄分组后,以听力损失为指标进一步进行logistic回归分析发现,有噪声所致的高频听损者的高血压患病风险增高仅出现在≤45岁年龄组(P<0.01,OR=1.182,95%CI:1.082~1.293;其中男性:P<0.05,OR=1.103,95%CI:1.005~1.210;女性P<0.01,OR=1.736,95%CI:1.266~2.381)和所有≤10 a的接噪工龄组(≤1 a工龄组:P<0.01,OR=1.384,95%CI:1.149~1.666;2~5 a工龄组:P<0.01,OR=1.344,95%CI:1.173~1.539;6~10 a工龄组:P<0.05,OR=1.214,95%CI:1.040~1.417),而在>45岁年龄组和>10 a工龄组均未发现这种相关性。结论≤45岁年龄组以及≤10 a接噪工龄组的作业工人中噪声所致听力损失与高血压有关,需重点关注。
Objective To investigate the influence of occupational noise exposure on the blood pressure of manufacturing workers. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with 6 770 workers exposed to occupational noise exposed during occupational health examinations in Nantong City in 2016. The hearing loss was taken as a surrogate indicator of accumulated noise exposure (CNE) A comparative study of blood pressure among workers of different sexes, ages and seniority was conducted. The results showed that with the growth of age and seniority, the prevalence of hypertension increased gradually. The prevalence of hypertension in the hearing-impaired was significantly higher than that in the normal hearing workers (P <0.05). After gender and age grouping, further logistic regression analysis using hearing loss as an indicator found that the increased risk of hypertension in high-frequency hearing loss patients with noise only appeared in the age group of ≤45 (P <0.01, OR = 1.182, 95% CI: 1.082-1.293; men: P <0.05 OR = 1.103 95% CI 1.005-1.210; women P <0.01 OR = 1.736 95% CI 1.266-2.381) and all 10 years of age (≤1 a working age group: P <0.01, OR = 1.384, 95% CI: 1.149-1.666; 2 ~ 5 a working age group: P <0.01, OR = 1.344, 95% CI: 1.173 ~ 1.539; 6-10 years of age group: P <0.05, OR = 1.214, 95% CI: 1.040-1.417), while no correlation was found between> 45 years old and> 10 years old. Conclusion The noise-induced hearing loss in workers aged ≤45 and ≤10 years of working age group is related to hypertension.