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影响宫内节育器(IUD)避孕效果的因素包括IUD的活性成分和形态,使用者的个人特征和服务质量等。含铜IUD的铜面积大,避孕效果好;含孕激素IUD虽然可减少出血,但又易出现闭经等不良事件;新型无支架的IUD目前看来在降低脱落、出血和疼痛方面尚未显示明显优势;年龄越小,脱落的危险性越大,意外妊娠的危险性越高;提供计划生育优质服务能够提高续用率,增加使用者的满意度。
Factors that influence IUD contraceptive effectiveness include the active ingredients and morphology of the IUD, the personal characteristics of the user, and the quality of service. Copper-bearing IUDs have a large copper area and good contraceptive efficacy; although progestin-containing IUDs reduce bleeding, they are subject to adverse events such as amenorrhoea; the new unsupported IUDs now appear to have no clear advantage in reducing shedding, bleeding, and pain ; The younger, the greater the risk of shedding, the higher the risk of unwanted pregnancies; the provision of quality family planning services can increase the renewal rate and increase user satisfaction.