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目的:评价艾司氯胺酮用于乳腺癌改良根治术老年患者术后自控静脉镇痛的效果。方法:择期全麻下行乳腺癌改良根治术女性患者90例，年龄65~78岁，体重46~75 kg，ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级，采用随机数字表法分为2组(n n＝45)：艾司氯胺酮PCIA组(E组)和舒芬太尼PCIA组(S组)。靶控输注丙泊酚、静脉注射顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵和舒芬太尼行麻醉诱导，靶控输注丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼行麻醉维持，间断静脉注射顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵维持肌松。术毕前10 min时连接镇痛泵行PCIA，E组配方：艾司氯胺酮2 mg/kg、酮咯酸氨丁三醇90 mg和托烷司琼5 mg，用生理盐水稀释至100 ml；S组镇痛泵配方：舒芬太尼1 μg/kg、酮咯酸氨丁三醇90 mg和托烷司琼5 mg，用生理盐水稀释至100 ml。2组镇痛泵背景输注速率1.5 ml/h，PCA剂量1.5 ml，锁定时间15 min，镇痛至术后48 h。数字疼痛评分≥4分，若自控镇痛效果不佳，则静脉注射曲马多100 mg行补救镇痛。分别于术后4、8、24和48 h时记录Steward苏醒评分；记录术后48 h内补救镇痛情况、镇痛泵有效按压次数和术后肛门排气时间；记录术后48 h内恶心呕吐、呼吸抑制、头晕、皮肤瘙痒和术后7 d内谵妄的发生情况。于术后24和48 h时行40项恢复质量量表评分。n 结果:与S组比较，E组术后各时点40项恢复质量量表评分升高，术后肛门排气时间缩短，恶心呕吐和皮肤瘙痒的发生率降低(n P0.05)。n 结论:艾司氯胺酮用于乳腺癌改良根治术老年患者术后自控静脉镇痛的效果优于舒芬太尼。“,”Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of esketamine for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in elderly patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.Methods:Ninety elderly female patients, aged 65-78 yr, weighing 46-75 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ, undergoing elective modified radical surgery for breast cancer under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups (n n=45 each) using a random number table method: esketamine PCIA group (group E) and sufentanil PCIA group (group S). Anesthesia was induced with target-controlled infusion of propofol, intravenous atracurium besylate and sufentanil and maintained with target-controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil and intermittent intravenous boluses of cis-benzenesulfonic acid atracurium.The patients were connected to an analgesic pump for PCIA at 10 min before completion of operation.The PCIA solution in group E contained esketamine 2 mg/kg, ketorolac tromethamine 90 mg and tropisetron 5 mg in 100 ml of normal saline.The PCIA solution in group S contained sufentanil 1 μg/kg, ketorolac tromethamine 90 mg and tropisetron 5 mg in 100 ml of normal saline.The PCA pump was set up with a 1.5 ml bolus dose, a 15 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 1.5 ml/h, and the analgesia was performed until 48 h after operation.When numeric rating scale score ≥ 4 points and the efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia was not good, tramadol 100 mg was intravenously injected for rescue analgesia.Steward recovery scores were recorded at 4, 8, 24 and 48 h after operation.The requirement for rescue analgesia, effective pressing times of analgesic pump and time to first flatus were recorded within 48 h after operation.The nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, dizziness and pruritus within 48 h after operation and delirium within 7 days after operation were recorded.The 40-item Quality of-Recovery scale was used to evaluate the early postoperative recovery of patients at 24 and 48 h after operation.n Results:Compared with group S, the 40-item Quality of Recovery scale score was significantly increased at each time point, postoperative time to first flatus was shortened, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and pruritus was decreased (n P0.05).n Conclusions:Esketamine provides better efficacy than sufentanil when used for PCIA in elderly patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer.