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[目的]调查钨合金企业工人钨、钴内外暴露水平,分析其分布特征,为进一步研究钨及其合金致硬金属肺病的职业健康风险评估提供基础数据。[方法]根据企业规模选择有代表性的4家钨合金生产企业,按随机抽样法选择直接接触钨及其合金且工龄≥1年的在职职工489人为观察组,325名无钨及其合金接触的职工作为对照组。对其工作场所进行职业卫生调查和钨、钴浓度检测,同期采集两组人群血样本,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定样品中钨、钴含量。[结果]工人工作场所钨暴露水平为<0.03~4.42 mg/m(3中位数0.11 mg/m~3),钴暴露水平为<0.013~0.677 mg/m~3(中位数0.017 mg/m~3),其中湿磨、喷雾干燥、烧结、机加、成品检验包装工种钴暴露水平超标。观察组人群全血中钨检出率为12.5%(浓度<0.5~21.0μg/L,中位数<0.5μg/L);血钴检出率为61.1%(浓度<0.5~15.7μg/L,中位数0.7μg/L),与对照组人群相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同工种工人血钨、血钴水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。工人全血中钨与空气中钨相关系数为0.106(P<0.05),全血中钴与空气中钴的相关系数为0.197(P<0.01)。[结论]工人作业场所钨浓度未超标,钴浓度存在超标。工人全血中钨、钴含量分别与空气中钨、钴水平呈正相关关系。
[Objective] To investigate the internal and external exposure levels of tungsten and cobalt in workers of tungsten alloy and analyze the distribution characteristics of them, providing the basic data for further research on occupational health risk assessment of hard metal lung disease caused by tungsten and its alloys. [Method] According to the scale of the enterprise, 4 representative tungsten alloy producers were chosen. According to the random sampling method, 489 on-the-job workers who were directly contacted with tungsten and their alloys and whose length of service was over 1 year were selected as the observation group and 325 without tungsten and their alloys Of workers as a control group. Occupational health surveys and tungsten and cobalt concentrations were taken at their workplaces. Blood samples were collected from both groups over the same period, and the contents of tungsten and cobalt in the samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. [Results] Exposure level of workers in the workplace was <0.03 ~ 4.42 mg / m (3 median 0.11 mg / m ~ 3) and cobalt exposure was <0.013 ~ 0.677 mg / m ~ 3 (median 0.017 mg / m ~ 3), of which wet grinding, spray drying, sintering, machining, finished product packaging cobalt exposure levels exceeded. In the observation group, the detection rate of tungsten in whole blood was 12.5% (concentration <0.5-21.0μg / L, median <0.5μg / L); the detection rate of cobalt in blood was 61.1% (concentration <0.5-15.7μg / L , Median 0.7μg / L), compared with the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). There were significant differences in blood tungsten and cobalt levels between different types of workers (P <0.01). The correlation coefficient between tungsten in the whole blood and tungsten in air was 0.106 (P <0.05), and the correlation coefficient between cobalt and air in whole blood was 0.197 (P <0.01). [Conclusion] The concentration of tungsten in workplaces did not exceed the standard and the cobalt concentration exceeded the standard. Workers in the blood of tungsten, cobalt content, respectively, with the air of tungsten, cobalt levels were positively correlated.