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目的分析现行气象条件检测标准在职业卫生检测评价活动中的适用性;探讨制定我国气象条件职业卫生标准的必要性。方法从仪器的选择与测量、检测点的布置与检测时间、检测频率和标准适用范围等方面分析相关检测标准的适用性。结果 GB/T 934—2008《高温作业环境气象条件测定方法》中气温、风速及相对湿度测量适用于GBZ 1—2010《工业企业设计卫生标准》中防暑的检测与评价,但其测量平均热辐射强度的方法不完善,并且单位换算公式有误;其他气象条件测量标准中,测量仪器及测量方法与现行标准的要求差异较大;在检测点的布置、日检测次数和检测结果的统计与计算方面,各标准间也存在明显差异;不能反映工作场所气象条件特性和劳动者的接触情况,不能满足GBZ 159—2004《工作场所空气中有害物质监测的采样规范》、GBZ 1—2010《工业企业设计卫生标准》及GBZ 2.1—2007《工作场所有害物质职业接触限值第1部分:化学因素》等职业卫生检测评价的要求。结论现行气象条件检测标准不能适应职业卫生检测与评价要求,有必要立项制定我国气象条件职业卫生检测标准。
Objective To analyze the applicability of the current meteorological condition testing standards in occupational health testing and evaluation activities and to explore the necessity of establishing occupational hygienic standards for meteorological conditions in China. Methods The applicability of related testing standards was analyzed from the aspects of instrument selection and measurement, arrangement and testing time of testing points, testing frequency and standard scope of application. Results The measurement of temperature, wind speed and relative humidity in GB / T 934-2008 “Method for measuring meteorological conditions in high-temperature working environment” is suitable for the detection and evaluation of sunstroke prevention in GBZ 1-2010 “Hygienic Standard for Design of Industrial Enterprises”. However, Strength method is not perfect, and unit conversion formula is wrong; other meteorological conditions measurement standards, measurement instruments and measurement methods and the current standard requirements vary greatly; the arrangement of the test points, the number of daily tests and test results of the statistics and calculations There are also significant differences among the standards; it can not reflect the characteristics of the meteorological conditions in the workplace and the exposure of laborers, and can not meet the requirements of GBZ 159-2004 Sampling Specifications for Monitoring of Airborne Hazardous Materials in the Workplace. GBZ 1-2010 Industrial Enterprises Design Health Standards “and GBZ 2.1-2007” Occupational exposure limits of hazardous substances in the workplace - Part 1: Chemical factors "and other occupational health testing and evaluation requirements. Conclusion The current meteorological conditions testing standards can not meet the requirements of occupational health testing and evaluation, it is necessary to establish the meteorological conditions of occupational health testing standards.